The Racławice Panorama is a monumental (50 x 375 feet) cycloramic painting depicting the Battle of Racławice, during the Kościuszko Uprising. It is located in Wrocław. The painting is one of only a few preserved relics of this cycloramic painting genre of 19th-century mass culture, and the oldest in Poland. The panorama stands in a circular fashion and, with the viewer in the center, presents different scenes at various viewing angles. A special kind of perspective used in the painting and additional effects (lighting, artificial terrain) create a feeling of reality. The project was conceived as a patriotic commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the victorious Battle of Racławice, a famous episode of the Kościuszko Insurrection, a heroic but ultimately failed attempt to defend Polish independence from Russia. The battle was fought on April 4, 1794 between the insurrectionist force of regulars and peasant volunteers (armed with scythes) under Kościuszko (1746–1817) and the Russian army commanded by General Alexander Tormasov. For the nation that had lost its independence, the memory of this glorious victory was particularly important and is still important to the Polish people today.